Antho-Rfamide CAS NO.107535-01-3

SPEC

Technical Specifications

Item	Specification
Product Name	Antho-Rfamide
CAS NO.	107535-01-3
Appearance	White to off-white lyophilized powder
Molecular Formula	C22H32N8O5
Molecular Weight	488.57 g/mol
Purity (RP-HPLC)	≥99.0%
Solubility	Soluble in water or dilute acetic acid; insoluble in common organic solvents
Endotoxin	≤0.5 EU/mg
Biological Activity	Acts as an RFamide-type neuropeptide; modulates ion channels and neurotransmitter release; binds to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); used to study neuromuscular transmission and primitive nervous system signaling
Storage Conditions	Store at -20°C in a dry, dark, and well-sealed container; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
Stock Location	Stock in USA
MOQ	1kit

The primary biological mechanism of Antho-RFamide involves its specific binding to and activation of RFamide-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located on the surface of neuronal and muscle cells in cnidarians, triggering downstream intracellular signaling cascades. Upon interaction with its target receptor, the peptide induces conformational changes that facilitate the coupling of inhibitory Gi/o proteins, which subsequently suppress adenylate cyclase activity and reduce intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels while potentially also modulating phospholipase C (PLC) pathways to influence calcium flux. The C-terminal RFamide motif, particularly the arginine and phenylalanine residues along with the critical C-terminal amide group, forms precise hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions within the receptor’s ligand-binding pocket, ensuring high-affinity binding and receptor specificity. This receptor activation ultimately translates into excitatory postsynaptic potentials or direct myostimulatory signals that govern muscle tone, contraction frequency, and the synchronization of behavioral responses such as feeding, defense, and locomotion in simple metazoans.

This product is specifically indicated for in vitro laboratory research, electrophysiological assays, and behavioral pharmacology studies within neurobiological, zoological, and biochemical research settings focused on invertebrate neuroscience and GPCR biology. It serves as a primary pharmacological probe for evaluating the contractile properties of isolated muscle preparations from cnidarians and other invertebrates, typically applied in dose-response experiments to determine threshold concentrations and efficacy in inducing sustained tonic contractions. Researchers utilize Antho-RFamide to investigate the structure-activity relationships of RFamide neuropeptides, to map the distribution of RFamide-immunoreactive neurons in simple nervous systems using immunohistochemistry, and to characterize the binding kinetics and signal transduction profiles of cloned RFamide receptors in transfected cell lines. Furthermore, it is indicated for use in comparative studies contrasting the functions of invertebrate and vertebrate RFamide peptides (such as FMRFamide and NPFF), for developmental biology assays examining metamorphosis and regeneration, and as a standardized reagent in drug discovery pipelines aimed at identifying novel modulators of orphan GPCRs.

Although Antho-RFamide is strictly designated for research use and is not a clinical therapeutic agent, extensive in vitro pharmacological and in vivo physiological studies have demonstrated its significant efficacy as a potent excitatory neuromuscular transmitter in cnidarian models. Laboratory evaluations confirm that the peptide induces robust, dose-dependent sustained contractions in the muscular tissues of sea anemones and sea pansies, with remarkably low threshold concentrations ranging from 5 nM to 1 µM depending on seasonal and physiological variations in the tissue. Experimental applications show that at concentrations above 10^-7 M, it increases the frequency of spontaneous muscle contractions, and at higher doses (10^-5 M and above), it can trigger prolonged tonic contractions lasting up to ten minutes, effectively mimicking endogenous neural excitation. These findings underscore the efficacy of Antho-RFamide as a reliable research reagent for dissecting the fundamental principles of neurotransmission, validating GPCR assay systems, and providing a crucial evolutionary link for understanding the conservation and diversification of neuropeptide signaling systems across the animal kingdom.

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